{"id":5958,"date":"2021-12-17T18:18:27","date_gmt":"2021-12-17T18:18:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fairrubber.org\/?p=5958"},"modified":"2021-12-17T18:46:41","modified_gmt":"2021-12-17T18:46:41","slug":"blowing-in-the-wind-dandelions-the-rubber-of-the-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fairrubber.org\/de\/2021\/12\/17\/blowing-in-the-wind-dandelions-the-rubber-of-the-future\/","title":{"rendered":"Vom Winde verweht: L\u00f6wenzahn \u2013 Gummi der Zukunft?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"translation-block\">In sch\u00f6ner Regelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit werden wir gefragt, ob wir schon geh\u00f6rt h\u00e4tten, dass Gummi aus L\u00f6wenzahn produziert werden kann? Genauer gesagt geht es um \u201aRussischen\u2019 L\u00f6wenzahn (Taraxacum koksaghyz). Unsere Antwort ist immer gleich: Das ist ein alter Hut. Thomas Edison, ein enger Freund des Autopioniers Henry Ford, hat die Tauglichkeit von L\u00f6wenzahl zusammen mit der hunderter anderer Pflanzen schon vor knapp 100 Jahren getestet. Es ging darum, eine unabh\u00e4ngige Quelle f\u00fcr Gummi zu finden, denn das britische Imperium hatte damals ein Quasi-Monopol (nur Frankreich besa\u00df im kolonialen Indochina ebenfalls Gummipflanzungen). Der erste Weltkrieg hatte deutlich gemacht, dass \u201aKriege der Zukunft\u2019 R\u00e4der statt Pferde brauchen. Die Einsicht f\u00fchrte im Nazi-Deutschland (das keine Kolonien mehr hatte) zur Entwicklung von Synthesegummi \u2013 ein weiterer Teil sch\u00e4ndlicher deutscher Geschichte. Deutsche Chemiegiganten kooperierten mit den Nazis in der Entwicklung des Kunstgummis \u201aBuna\u2019 \u2013 was in Ans\u00e4tzen auch gelang. Das Projekt kostete Tausenden von Zwangsarbeitern aus dem KZ Auschwitz , die die Buna Fabrik direkt daneben bauen mussten, ihr Leben. \nHenry Ford versuchte dagegen eine Gummibaum-Plantage im Amazonas zu etablieren \u2013 schlie\u00dflich hatten die Briten von dort im Jahr 1876 die 70.000 Gummibaum-Samen f\u00fcr ihr Gummi-Imperium gestohlen. Die Gummib\u00e4ume in Fords \u201aFordlandia\u2019-Plantage wurden jedoch schnell von Krankheit zerst\u00f6rt: Hevea Brasiliens gedeiht gut im artenreichen Regenwald, aber nicht in der Monokultur einer Plantage.\nEin weiterer US Versuch f\u00fcr eine alternative Produktion f\u00fchrte zur Anlage von Gummipflanzungen in Liberia. Noch heute ist nicht nur die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Gummiplantage der Welt in Liberia \u2013es herrschen dort wom\u00f6glich auch die schlimmsten Arbeitsbedingungen in der Gummiproduktion \u00fcberhaupt.\nAber zur\u00fcck zum L\u00f6wenzahn. Das Hauptargument f\u00fcr Alternativ-Gummi aus dieser Pflanze ist wohl, dass sie in gem\u00e4\u00dfigten Klimazonen angebaut werden kann. Eine deutsche Reifenfirma hat (mit Zusch\u00fcssen der EU und diverser deutscher Regierungsstellen) Plantagen und eine Verarbeitungsanlage in Norddeutschland installiert (und in der Tat: Man kann aus L\u00f6wenzahn Reifen machen). Ein weiteres Argument der Bef\u00fcrworter ist, dass Gummibaumplantagen nicht flexibel auf Angebot und Nachfrage reagieren k\u00f6nnen: Ein Baum mu\u00df sieben Jahre wachsen, bevor zum ersten Mal gezapft werden kann. L\u00f6wenzahn ist dagegen eine schnell wachsende Pflanze, kann also je nach Bedarf ges\u00e4t werden \u2013 oder nicht. Aber was sind die Kosten f\u00fcr diese Alternative \u2013 finanziell und f\u00fcr die Umwelt? Der \u201aRussische\u2019 L\u00f6wenzahn enth\u00e4lt 10% Gummisaft. Wieviel kann da von einer (verglichen mit einem Baum) winzigen Pflanze produziert werden? Gummib\u00e4ume werden i.d.R. auch in Monokulturen gepflanzt, aber die B\u00e4ume k\u00f6nnen dutzende Male\/Jahr gezapft werden. Zudem wird fast keine Agrarchemie ben\u00f6tigt, und das dichte Laub der Gummib\u00e4ume absorbiert au\u00dferdem reichlich CO2. Der Anbau von L\u00f6wenzahn bedarf dagegen vermutlich reichlicher Kunstd\u00fcngergaben, um eine lohnende Menge Latexmilch zu produzieren \u2013 Baumwurzeln sind einfach so viel effizienter. Zudem liefert die (sub)tropische Sonne unvergleichlich mehr Energie f\u00fcr die Photosynthese der B\u00e4ume und damit die Produktion von Naturkautschuk: Rohlatex enth\u00e4lt 30% Gummitrockenmasse. Und nicht zuletzt stellt sich die Frage, ob die vergleichsweise riesigen Fl\u00e4chen, die mit L\u00f6wenzahn bepflanzt werden m\u00fcssten, nicht dringender f\u00fcr die Ern\u00e4hrung (lokal) ben\u00f6tigt w\u00fcrden? Was uns fragen l\u00e4\u00dft: Was soll dieser aufwendige Versuch, eine teure Alternative zu finden, wenn der \u201aUr-Gummi\u2019 im \u00dcberflu\u00df vorhanden ist: Die letzten hundert Jahre waren \u00fcberwiegend von einem \u00dcberangebot an Kautschuk gekennzeichnet, zu Preisen, die oft unter den Produktionskosten lagen. Warum nicht einfach einen fairen Preis an die Kleinbauern und Zapfer zahlen, die somit auch mehr Anreiz h\u00e4tten, ihre B\u00e4ume weiterhin gut zu pflegen?<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ever so often we get an excited inquiry: Have we heard about rubber being produced from dandelions? Russian dandelions (or, to be more precise: Kazakh dandelions &#8211; Taraxacum koksaghyz)? Our answer always is the same: To begin with, this is an old hat. Thomas Edison, a great friend of Henry Ford\u2019s, tried out this \u2013 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5959,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Blowing in the wind: Dandelions \u2013The Rubber of the Future? | FAIR RUBBER<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fairrubber.org\/de\/2021\/12\/17\/blowing-in-the-wind-dandelions-the-rubber-of-the-future\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Blowing in the wind: Dandelions \u2013The Rubber of the Future? | FAIR RUBBER\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ever so often we get an excited inquiry: Have we heard about rubber being produced from dandelions? 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| FAIR RUBBER","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/fairrubber.org\/de\/2021\/12\/17\/blowing-in-the-wind-dandelions-the-rubber-of-the-future\/","og_locale":"de_DE","og_type":"article","og_title":"Blowing in the wind: Dandelions \u2013The Rubber of the Future? | FAIR RUBBER","og_description":"Ever so often we get an excited inquiry: Have we heard about rubber being produced from dandelions? Russian dandelions (or, to be more precise: Kazakh dandelions &#8211; Taraxacum koksaghyz)? Our answer always is the same: To begin with, this is an old hat. 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